Monday, May 19, 2014

Germanic Kingdom Unite Under Charlemagne: 5/19/2014

Germanic Kingdom Unite Under Charlemagne
Main Idea:
Many Germanic Kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire.

Why it matters now:
Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe, which is where many of us came from.

Setting the Stage:
Middle Ages= medieval period
500-1500AD
medieval Europe is fragmented 

Invasions trigger changes in western Europe:

  • Invasion and constant warfare spark new trends.
    • Disruption of trade:
      • Europe's cities are no longer economic centers
      • money is scarce 
    • Downfall of cities 
      • Cities are no longer centers of administration
    • Population shifts
      • Nobles retreat to the rural areas
      • Cities don't have strong leadership
  • Decline of Learning 
    • Germanic invaders are illiterate but they comunicate through oral traditions 
    • Only priests and church officials could read and write
    • Knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lost
  • Loss of a common language 
    • dialects develop in different regions 
    • by the 800s, French, Spanish, other Roman-based languages are evolving from Latin.
Germanic kingdoms emerge 
  • The concept of government changes
    • Roman society: loyal to public gov't
    • Germanic society: loyal to family
      • Germanic chief led warriors
      • During peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live(the lord's hall)
      • During wartime, warriors fought for the lord
    • "The King? Who's that? You want to collect taxes from me? Who the heck are you?"
    • Franks live in the Roman province of Gaul- their leader is Clovis
  • The Franks under Clovis
    • Another battlefield conversion (Just like Constantine)
    • Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop 
    • The church in Rome approves of this "alliance"
    • Clovis and the Church begin to work together 
Clovis' military expertise+ the church'c support and money= a powerful alliance 

Germanic peoples adopt Christianity
  • 511AD- Clovis ignites the Franks into one kingdom
  • 600AD- Church + Frankish rulers convert many
  • fear of Muslims in southern Europe spur many to become Christians 
  • Monasteries and convents 
    • 520AD- Benedict wrote the ruled for monks and monasteries 
      • poverty, chastity, obedience, study
    • His sister Scholastica did the same for nuns in convents  
    • 731AD- the Venerable Bede wrote a killer history of England 
    • Monks opened school, maintained libraries, and copied books (Bibles, Greek texts)
  • (Pope) Gregory I expands papal power
    • Papacy=pope's office
    • Secular Power= worldly power
    • So... under Gregory the Great...
PAPAL POWER (POWER OF THE POPE) IS POLITICAL POWER, PRESENTED FROM THE POPE'S PALACE 
    • The church can use church money to:
      • raise armies 
      • repair roads
      • help the poor
    • Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome and as head of an earthly kingdom(Christendom) 

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